Lottery games captivate millions globally, promising life-changing fortunes if you just purchase a ticket. But did you know that even if you do win, you don’t receive a large chunk of the prize? In 2022, for instance, a lucky Californian nabbed the biggest lottery win ever, a $2.04 billion Powerball jackpot, but took home “only” $628 million.
Our objective here is to delve into the often-overlooked aspect of these games namely their profitability. Stay with us as we unravel the financial fabric of lotteries, a global phenomenon with far-reaching impacts.
Overview of Lottery Systems
Lotteries have a long and varied history, often intertwined with public welfare and fundraising. The history of lotteries dates back centuries, with their origins rooted in ancient times. The concept of drawing lots is mentioned in numerous historical documents, including the Bible.
However, the first recorded signs of a lottery offering tickets for sale with prizes in the form of money appeared in the Low Countries (present-day Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg) in the 15th century. These public lotteries were held to raise money for town fortifications and to help the poor.
The idea quickly spread across Europe. In England, the first state lottery was held in 1569, with advertisements using the word “lottery” derived from the Dutch word “lot,” meaning fate. In the 17th and 18th centuries, lotteries were widely used in Europe and the American colonies to fund public works projects, such as roads, libraries, churches, colleges, canals, and bridges, demonstrating their early role in supporting community development and public welfare.
Revenue Stream of Lotteries
Lotteries generate substantial income primarily through ticket and scratch card sales. The pricing strategy for these tickets is key—they are affordable enough to attract a wide audience yet priced high enough to ensure profitability. Major lotteries like Powerball and Mega Millions, known for their massive jackpots, exemplify this strategy, as their lottery tickets are priced at $2. The allure of such life-changing sums drives massive ticket sales, leading to significant revenue generation.
However, the revenue is mainly dependent on the jackpot offered. Let’s take the sales number of Powerball tickets as an example. For the draw on the 11th of October 2023, the jackpot rose to an astounding $1.764 billion, and the draw sales amounted to almost $258.5 million. Somebody won the jackpot that day, and it was reset for the following draw, equalling “only” $20 million. The draw sales were much smaller in comparison (almost $30.4 million) and the sales kept dropping down in the following draws because of the smaller prize money.
Scratch cards offer a different but stable income stream. They are less about gigantic windfalls and more about instant gratification with smaller, more frequent payouts. However, the revenue is nevertheless substantial. For example, The National Lottery brought in over £2.4 billion in scratch card sales in 2020. With the addition of online scratch cards, these types of lottery games are very accessible to the public leading to large revenues from customer engagement.
Role of Taxation in Lotteries
The benefactors of large lottery revenue shares are the state and federal governments. The US lottery revenue in the past 45 years has consistently risen. For instance, the government collected $31.22 billion in 2021. This is not surprising as the US imposes high lottery taxes on winnings, including both state and federal taxes in some states.
In the United States, lottery winnings are subject to both federal and state taxes, and the rates can vary considerably based on the state where the ticket was purchased. Federally, lottery winnings are treated as income, with the top federal tax rate being 37% for winnings over a certain amount.
State taxes on lottery winnings, however, vary widely. Some states, like California and Pennsylvania, exempt lottery winnings from state income taxes, whereas others, such as New York, can impose a state tax rate of up to 8.82%. Additionally, cities and counties may levy their own taxes on lottery winnings.
For instance, New York City adds a municipal tax of up to 3.876%. This disparity in tax rates means that the net amount a jackpot winner takes home can differ substantially depending on their location. For example, a $100 million jackpot could net a winner in California significantly more than a winner in New York, purely due to the differences in state tax rates.
The Allocation of Lottery Profits
Lottery revenues are allocated in multiple ways, balancing prize distribution, operational costs, and contributions to public funds. A significant portion of the revenue is dedicated to prize money, ensuring the attractiveness of the game. Operational costs, including marketing, administration, and sales, require a revenue share, as they are vital for streamlining the whole process.
Looking at real-world examples, the UK National Lottery and EuroMillions offer insights into this allocation. A notable portion of their revenue is channeled into public funds and charities. The UK National Lottery, for instance, contributes to various public sectors, including arts, sports, heritage, and community projects, demonstrating a commitment to societal benefit. Similarly, EuroMillions supports a range of charitable causes and community initiatives across participating countries.
These practices push the ethical aspect of lottery fund distribution to the forefront. By contributing to public welfare and charities, lotteries are not just gambling platforms but also contributors to societal development. This revenue allocation model has been praised for its support of public services and scrutinized for potentially exploiting vulnerable groups. The ethical balance lies in ensuring that lotteries operate transparently and contribute significantly to the public good while promoting responsible gambling.
A Breakdown of The Biggest Lotteries in the US and UK
The lottery landscape is filled with numerous games, but a few stand out due to their immense popularity, substantial jackpots, and wide player base. The Powerball, Mega Millions, and The National Lottery of the United Kingdom are among these leading lotteries, each unique in its structure and impact. Next, we take a look at what the odds are of winning any of these lotteries, the biggest jackpots they’ve offered, and how profits are distributed.
53% – prize pool 25% – charitable causes 12% – UK Government 4% – retailers commission 5% – operational costs
Fair Revenue Distribution is the Name of the Game in State-Run Lotteries
From the record-breaking $2.04 billion Powerball jackpot, with the winner raking in $628 million, to the steady income from scratch card sales, lotteries generate substantial revenue. However, the broader impact of these profits extends beyond mere financial figures.
Lotteries play a pivotal role in funding public welfare programs but also raise ethical questions, particularly concerning their impact on lower-income groups. While lotteries contribute to state and national economies, their overall economic impact is more nuanced, often representing a smaller fraction of total revenues and not being a definitive solution to larger economic challenges.
As we look into the future, one can’t help but wonder how technological advancements and changes in gambling laws will shape the lottery landscape. Will the ethical and economic discussions surrounding lotteries evolve with these changes? How will the balance between societal benefit and responsible gambling be maintained in an ever-evolving digital world and the popularization of online casinos? These are questions worth pondering as we consider the future of lotteries and their place in our societies.
Winning is often followed by the anticipation of withdrawing those winnings. The role of regulatory bodies, such as the UKGC and others, is to enforce policies to protect players and ensure that withdrawals are processed efficiently and smoothly. We cover the typical online casino withdrawal problems players encounter during the withdrawal process, such as delays, additional documentation requirements, and limitations set by operators. In addition to highlighting typical issues encountered, we also offer handy tips on how you can ensure you get your hands on your well-earned winnings. Let’s start with the former.
Why a Casino Might Decline a Withdrawal Request
Operators are bound by various legal and regulatory requirements to ensure players' safety and the integrity of their processes. However, under specific circumstances, an operator may legally withhold your winnings. We've reviewed these scenarios and unique challenges that can impede access to your funds. Let's see what those may be.
Unresolved KYC verification: The Know Your Customer (KYC) process involves submitting identification documents to prevent fraud, underage gambling, and financial misconduct. Failure to provide the necessary documents can lead to delays or withholding of funds.
Incomplete wagering requirements: Wagering requirements stipulate the number of times a player must wager the bonus amount, and sometimes the deposit amount, before they can withdraw any winnings from awarded casino bonuses. These prevent bonus abuse, money laundering, and other illicit activities.
Breached withdrawal limits: Maximum limits help control the outflow of funds, especially in cases of significant wins. If you exceed or fail to meet the set withdrawal limits, that can result in the casino not paying out or the need to process payments in installments.
Mismatched withdrawal method: Requiring the same deposit and withdrawal methods to be used prevents fraudulent activities and ensures that the money is returned to its original source. In the case where the chosen deposit method isn't available for withdrawals, the casino requires players to select an alternative withdrawal method that involves additional verification steps and extends the withdrawal process.
Tech glitches and malfunctions: Customer service is often the quickest and most effective approach to solve malfunctions or glitches. Be cautious though, as frequent technical breakdowns, particularly during withdrawals, might be a warning sign of significant operational or security flaws. While isolated instances are usually not reason for alarm, persistent difficulties may indicate deeper concerns with the casino's software or operating methods.
A Roadmap to Trouble-Free Withdrawals
In this section, we'll go over practical steps you may use to make withdrawing your winnings as easy as possible. By implementing these tips, you can reduce delays and potential problems while enjoying your gambling session to the fullest.
Picking the Right Online Casino
Casinos that withhold withdrawals without explanation are likely operating without the necessary licenses, as regulatory bodies require strict adherence to fair and transparent practices. Here's what you can do to significantly reduce the risk of encountering issues with withdrawals:
Assess a casino's reputation;
Confirm the license legitimacy;
Verify secure connections and end-to-end encryption;
Look for a casino that provides audit reports of its games;
Compare reviews from other players to get insights into their experiences with the casino.
Proper Understanding of T&Cs
Read the terms and conditions thoroughly before signing up. These guidelines outline withdrawal limits, processing times, and methods, ensuring you're informed about accessing your winnings. Bonuses often come with wagering requirements, which must be met before withdrawing funds. Failing to understand and adhere to these requirements can delay or invalidate withdrawal requests.
What to Do if You Still Can’t Withdraw Winnings
Even when you follow all the previous suggestions, issues can arise, and you need to know what to do if an online casino won't pay your winnings. By following the steps below to a tee, you can expedite the process.
Reach Out to Customer Service Representatives
When facing online casino withdrawal problems, your first step should be to contact customer support via the available channels. Sending an email is a traditional way of describing your problem, whereas live chat offers immediate help. Telephone support enables a more personal and detailed conversation, which can be useful for more complicated issues. Social media platforms such as Twitter or Facebook might also be an option if other methods of communication prove to be ineffective. If all these solutions fail, more formal actions may be required.
File a Formal Complaint with Regulatory Authorities
The role of regulatory bodies in online gambling is to provide a fair and secure environment for players and make sure that even the newest online casinos operate within legal frameworks. The UKGC, MGA, Cura?ao Gaming Control Board, and Gibraltar Regulatory Authority are the most notable regulatory authorities, each with specific mandates and jurisdictions. Check an online casino's website for details about its licensing authority. This information is typically in the footer or about us section.
Most regulators have a specific process or form for submitting complaints. Provide detailed information about your issue, including any relevant communication with the casino. Once you've lodged a complaint, the regulatory body will review it and investigate your claims. The time frame for resolution varies depending on the complexity of the issue and the regulator's workload.
Initiate ADR and Legal Proceedings
If the problem remains unresolved, you can contact Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) providers, such as eCOGRA or The Independent Betting Adjudication Service (IBAS). These organizations will investigate your complaint and offer a resolution.
Legal action is an option in cases where ADR is unsuccessful, but potentially high costs must be considered. Seeking advice from services like Citizens Advice can help you understand the implications and costs of legal action. Before proceeding with these steps, gathering all necessary documents and evidence related to your complaint is crucial. Always remember that this process can be time-consuming, and there's no guarantee of a favorable outcome, so it's generally considered a last resort.?
Being Informed is The Key to Avoiding Withdrawal Problems
Understanding the withdrawal policies, such as minimum and maximum limits, expected timeframes, and potential fees, is essential to experience speedy and safe winning withdrawals.
Remember, the key to smooth withdrawals lies in being well-informed and prepared. By taking these proactive steps, you safeguard your winnings and make your gambling sessions enjoyable. Always gamble responsibly and choose online casinos that align with your expectations and needs for fulfilling gambling experiences.
Blackjack is a casino game where a combination of luck and skill can bring you a lot of money, and many players have their own "from rags to riches" stories to tell. Unlike playing slots, where you need to rely on luck alone, playing blackjack requires understanding a blackjack cheat sheet, so you can devise a solid strategy and, ideally, card counting skill.
Stay tuned as I’ll provide details on soft and hard hand combinations, basic blackjack strategy, and frequently asked questions.
Blackjack Cheat Sheet Combinations
The goal of casino games is to entertain you while taking risks. Gamblers are always looking for ways to lower the house edge in order to make the best of a bad situation and improve their chances of winning. And, in order to achieve this, players use a blackjack cheat sheet. If you plan to play a game against the dealer, you can easily improve your chances of winning if you know how to use it.
The blackjack cheat sheet is a necessary tool that was made to help players improve their game and increase their chances of winning big while lowering the house edge. We'll look at two different cheat sheets in this guide. One is based on what happens when the dealer has a soft 17, and the other is based on what happens when the dealer hits.
First, you need to know what the phrase "soft hand" means. When a player has an ace in their hand and can't go bust after a certain draw, they have a "soft hand." Because an ace can be counted as either 1 or 11, the total value of your hand cannot be more than 21. If you have an A and a 6, for example, it could be a 17 or a 7. "Soft 17" is the name for this hand, and if you have it, you can draw freely without worrying.
Soft Combinations
Here are all the different ways you can have a soft hand:
A2/13 — 13 or 3
A3/14 — 14 or 4
A4/15 — 15 or 5
A5/16 — 16 or 6
A6/17 — 17 or 7
A7/18 — 18 or 8
A8/19 — 19 or 9 (in most cases you should stand)
A9/20 — 20 or 10 (in this case you should always stand)
If you have an ace and a 10 or a face card, you’re guaranteed to have an unbeatable blackjack.
Hard Hand Combinations
Besides a soft hand, there’s a hard hand which is also called total. It’s any pair of cards other than an ace. With a hard hand, it's likely that you'll go bust after drawing another set of cards. Among the hard totals are the following:
9 — 7 (Hard hand 16)
8 — 6 (Hard hand 14)
10 —7 (Hard hand 17)
If you have a high card in this situation, it’s likely that you will break. Therefore, drawing when you have a bad hand is a risky thing to do. Before we go into the cheat chart, let’s go over moves and how they’re represented in the picture.
H – Hit
S – Stand
P – Split
Ph – If allowed, split, otherwise hit.
Pd – If allowed, split, otherwise double.
Ds – If possible, double, otherwise stand.
Dh – If possible, double, otherwise hit.
Rh – If you can, surrender, otherwise hit.
Rs – If you can, surrender, otherwise stand.
Rp – If you can, surrender, otherwise split.
Now, we'll look at the optimal basic strategy cheat sheet for a game of blackjack with 4 to 8 decks.
The Basic Blackjack Strategy
Before going into details about different actions, we’re going to explain the basic moves of blackjack:
Stand — You should choose to play stand when you have a good combination of cards. It’s counted as a positive move because you’re waiting for one more card.
Double down — When it’s possible, you can double down on your previous bet. The most common thing players do in this situation is doubling down or hitting if they have a hard 10 or hard 11.
Hit — When you don’t have a good hand, you should play hit and draw one more card, specifically when the dealer has already shown his card.
Give up or not — The first thing you should think about when playing your hand is whether or not to give up. You can do this only after you’ve been dealt your first two cards. If you’ve taken a card, you’re not able to give up.
Break or not — This is an option when your first two cards are a pair or when you have two ten-valued cards (a king and a jack, for example). It’s the second most important decision you’ll make.
Double or not — Keep in mind that in certain online casinos, you can’t double on some hands. Try to rule this out before moving on. If your basic blackjack chart strategy says you should double, take this as a good sign! What it’s telling you is that you’ll probably win the hand.
Strike or stand — This is the last thing to think about in basic strategy. If there are no other options, you should choose hit or stand.
If you want to learn more, check out our article about different versions of blackjack where you can read about additional rules.
Analyzing the Blackjack Cheat Sheet
If you want to learn how to play blackjack like a pro, you should practice by playing the game and looking at the blackjack cheat sheet at the same time so you can memorize it and use it properly when you decide to play for real money. For example, you may find that if the dealer shows an 8 or a higher number, you aren't usually expected to split pocket pairs that are lower than 88s. Another important thing to remember is that you shouldn’t split tens because you’ll have 20 in your hand and the dealer can’t beat that so easily, you should just keep it and take your win.
Take a look at our table to find out more:
The Dos Within Blackjack
The Don’ts Within Blackjack
Split 88s and aces
Don’t follow the dealer’s rules too strictly
Unless the dealer has a 7 or higher, you can split 2, 3, 6, 7, and 9s
Don’t hit again when you have a “soft 19.”
If you have 11 or less, take the hit
Don’t split pairs of Jacks, 10s, Kings, or Queens, which are all worth 10.
If the dealer has a 7 or higher while you have between 12 and 16, take the hit
Most of the time, when the dealer has an ace, he or she gets the standard 30%. So, it doesn’t make sense to put money on him. Avoid buying insurance.
When you have a soft 17, take a hit
Conclusion
It's important to go beyond the cheat sheet if you want to get better at playing online blackjack. Don’t worry, the game won’t scare you. It's based on clear, simple rules — you just need to get all the necessary information.
Learn the basic rules of blackjack and the different ways you can play the game. Also, learn the game's basic strategy, how to count cards, and how to use the blackjack cheat sheet like a pro. If you know enough about the strategy of the game and counting cards, you'll be able to play blackjack without any problems.
FAQ
Can you use a cheat sheet at a blackjack table?
Casinos don’t have cheat sheet rules, so players can use strategy cards.
Should you hit on a 12 or 13 in blackjack?
Blackjack players usually hit on eight or less and stand on 12 or anything higher. However, if the dealer has a three, you should hit on numbers from eight to twelve, and stand on thirteen or higher.
As a classic form of poker, Seven Card Stud is one of those games that takes a lifetime to master. Seven Card Stud involves each player being dealt seven cards throughout the hand, with the best five-card poker hand for each player determining the winner. Seven Card Stud is a game where the bets are placed in fixed increments, unlike Texas Hold'em and Omaha, which are usually played with a limited betting structure. Please take a moment to check out our guide on how to play 7 card stud now.
History of 7 Card Stud
Stud poker took its inspiration from European games like Poque, Nas, and Bragg during the American Civil War. When The American Hoyle published its first edition in 1864, 5-card stud became an official poker game.
New Orleans and riverboats on the Mississippi River became popular venues for the game, where con artists convinced tourists to bet a lot on games that they rarely understood. In their belief that poker is a game of chance, they would lose to those who understood that poker is a game of skill.
Servicemen frequently played stud poker during both world wars, including 7-card stud.
7-card stud games are still available in casinos today, but they're not as common or popular as NLHE. Among all the poker games, stud is regarded as the hardest by most players. It's impossible to follow charts, and you can't replace experience. Therefore, new professionals and amateurs rarely commit to stud, and stud pros have a difficult time making a living playing their preferred game.
Nevertheless, Stud Poker always makes an appearance at the World Series of Poker, and there has been some big wins that will go down in the game's history. Tom Koral, for example, ended a 13-year losing streak when he won the 2017 WSOP stud event. That's a lot of dedication to the game!
On the East Coast, 7-card stud continues to be more popular than elsewhere. That is because, since Hold'Em was developed in Texas, that game is much more popular in the West. A regional and generational divide characterizes today's 7-card stud poker scene, and we'll have to see how it shakes out as we continue to play.
Seven Card Stud Rules
7 Card Stud poker can be quite a change if you have previously only played community card games. However, there is no reason to be worried about this as the game's rules aren't too complicated on their own and are quite simple to learn.
The first round of dealing cards begins with the player to the dealer's left and proceeds clockwise. It is common for players to be dealt three cards at a time (one at a time), with the first two being dealt face down and the third being dealt face up. Third street refers to this round.
All players still active in hand receive a fourth card after the first betting round (the fourth street). Then, the same process is repeated for the next two cards (fifth and sixth streets). Finally, after a single card is dealt face-up, there is a round of betting that follows.
After the sixth street, if players are still left, they are dealt one final card, face down. Thus, at the end of a 7 Card Stud hand, you will likely have up to seven cards, three being face down and the remaining four facing up.
The dealer button may or may not rotate around the table according to 7 Card Stud Poker rules. In this game, being on the button has no inherent advantage, so even if the deal began with the same player every time, it would have no effect.
How To Play 7 Card Stud
When it comes to misdeals, the following situations are to be considered:
Each player receives three cards after the dealer burns one card from the deck. Face down will be dealt to the first two cards, while face up to the final card. Third Street is commonly known as this.
After the third street is dealt, the player with the lowest upcard will begin this first betting round. First, the player must place a forced bet at the table with at least the low bet limit. Then, the game continues to that player's left, with subsequent players raising, calling, or folding.
After the first round of betting is completed, the dealer will deal a second round of cards to players face up, called Fourth Street. The betting order is determined, in this round and the remaining betting rounds, by the player showing the highest exposed hand. In both cases, the round betting proceeds clockwise around the table, with each player betting as the round continues.
During the second round of betting, the minimum stake is set at the table's lower limit stake; during the third round, the maximum stake is set at the table's higher limit stake.
During the second round of betting, if one of the players has a pair with their two face-up cards, players can bet in multiples of either that table's lower or higher limit stake. After a player bets at the table's higher limit stake, all following players must also bet there.
Players will be dealt an exposed card in the next two rounds, and a betting round will follow the deal. It is generally referred to as Fifth Street and Sixth Street.
In the final round of dealing, players will receive a seventh card face down. Following the River, another round of betting will take place, with the player showing the highest hand starting the game.
The "Showdown" will begin following the final round of betting. If no betting had taken place in the final round, the player with the high hand will reveal first. If no one has placed a bet or raised it, the last player will reveal his cards first. As the first player reveals his cards, the rest of the players will reveal their cards clockwise. In the "Showdown," any remaining player can reveal their cards or "muck" their hand, folding their hand without revealing their cards. When all five cards are revealed, the player with the best five-card poker hand receives a pot of money.
Seven-Card Stud Poker Variants
7-Card Stud Hi/Lo
7-card stud hi/lo variants are commonly found in online poker rooms; however, the pot is split only at the end of the game. There is an equal pot split between the highest and lowest-hand players.
Mississippi Stud
Due to the removal of the fourth and fifth street rounds, Mississippi Stud has only four betting rounds. As a result, the betting structure and number of down and up cards in Texas Hold'em are quite similar.
Razz
Razz is a lowball version of a 7-card stud. It is the goal of the game to get the lowest hand possible.
Down the River
As one of the most basic variants of 7-card stud poker, down the river, it is quite common in most poker rooms and is one of the most played variants of the game.
Queens and After
All Queen cards in this variant are wild cards, as is the face-up card dealt after the Queen card. All cards are changed to the card that follows the Queen if the following card is also Queen.
Roll Your Own
There are four rounds in the Roll Your Own variant, and two cards are dealt face-down in each round. Then, a face-up card is rolled, and the betting round begins.
Low Chicago
Low Chicago is played with a low spade in the hole covering half of the pot. A low spade becomes a high spade in High Chicago.
Baseball
Wild cards in this variant are the 3s and 9. In addition, a player gets an extra card if they receive a 4 face-up.
Acey Ducey
Wild cards are all Aces and deuces in this variant.
Tips for Seven-card stud
Despite Hold'em's reputation as the "Cadillac of poker," there are many strategic elements to stud games.
If you want to become a winning player and succeed in the game, then it will be necessary for you to learn some fundamental 7 Card Poker strategies.
What are the best hands to play?
Your first and most important step is to learn what 7 Card Stud hands you want to play. When you get involved with weak starting hands in Hold'em, you are in for a world of hurt later.
As you gain more experience, you can add more hands to your repertoire.
A total of three trips (three of a kind)
Pairs from AA to 88 (big and medium)
You will need three broadway cards, including a 10 (preferably suited)
Connectors of moderate suitability
Even though this is quite a narrow range, it is recommended that you go this way when you are just beginning to learn the rules of 7 Card Stud and getting accustomed to the game. It's also important to pay attention to your kicker card when starting with a pair since the higher the kicker, the more playability you'll have on the later streets.
Pay Attention to Discarded Cards
A skill crucial to Stud's success is your ability to memorize the cards that are being discarded at any given moment if you want to be able to play Stud well.
The importance of this can be attributed to two factors. In the first place, if you're on a draw, but you've seen four of your eight outs being mucked, then you should know your chances of actually making the hand are greatly reduced.
Secondly, if your adversary attempts to represent a certain hand, it will be much easier to guess if they are actually holding that hand.
Sometimes you might even find yourself up against an opponent trying to represent a hand they cannot hold. If, for example, they're betting as if they've got a straight, but you actually have a face-down nine in your hand. Many amateur players don't bother to pay attention to what's happening during a hand, even though this kind of thing will not happen to an experienced Stud player.
As a player, you will need to memorize as many mucked cards as you can and use this information to your advantage to earn a lot of money playing this game.
[sigma-mt-blog-post-play recordids="563266,567631"]
Work on Your Board Reading Abilities
The following piece of advice is related to the previous one. The key to 7 Card Stud games is to pay attention to your opponent's discarded cards and the cards they show in order to find out what they are chasing.
While this may seem simple, developing the skillset required to do it well will take some time. It is best to think through all the possibilities in every situation and not make rash decisions. Then, if you make a mistake, at least you will know about it, and you will be able to learn from it, so the next time you find yourself in the same situation, you are better prepared to make a better decision.
Play Your Big Hands for Value
Seven Card Stud is a strong starting holding, consisting of big pocket pairs (pocket aces through JJ) and rolled-up trips. In order to maximize your chances of winning, you should play these hands as much as possible for value and avoid being too tricky with them.
There will be times when you have to slow down and pull back because things will simply seem too obvious at the time. For example, you will know if you come in for another raise showing a 4 when a player with a King bet, then another player raises with an Ace.
The strength of your hand won't need to be hidden too much in lower-limit games, though. Due to the fact that fixed-limit games are "just another bet," people tend to call a lot, even in situations where they are ahead.
Observe Your Opponents
Almost all poker variations follow this advice, and 7 Card Stud poker is no exception. Even when you're not playing a hand, you should pay attention to what other players are doing. You will benefit from the extra information here at some point in the future.
Even when the opponent's board clearly indicates that they are never good, you can detect someone who calls too much. As these players don't have a fold button, you'll want to value bet against them relentlessly.
This will help you improve much faster if you wish to learn how to play 7 Card Stud properly. Of course, if you want to boost your progress, you can always join Mixed Games Masterclass, but even these tips can help.
As you think about the game and come to some conclusions, you'll be able to understand more complex ideas later in your career.
Conclusion
There is a great deal of importance that you pay close attention to the cards of your opponents as you play seven-card stud. When you have, for example, a straight draw with K?Q?J?10?, and you already see three aces on the table, you are only able to draw to one ace and the rest of the nines on the table. As a result, you may incorrectly estimate your odds of winning if you are unaware a player folded the case ace.
FAQ
What are the rules for 7 Card Stud?
Before the first betting round, a pair of downcards and one upcard are dealt, followed by three more upcards and one more downcard. There is a final round of betting after the last downcard is dealt. The pot is won by the best five-card poker hand.
How many cards do you get in 7 Card Stud?
Starting-hand selection is critical in seven-card stud, as in every poker game. Each player is handed seven cards, three of which are dealt face down and four of which are dealt face up. The player must select his finest five-card combination from these seven cards.
How do you win at 7 stud poker?
Firstly, be more cautious with starting hands and pay close attention to any discarded cards. Try memorizing as many mucked cards as possible. Play your big hands for value, and choose your bluffing moments with caution, but don't be scared to bluff.
Is 7 card stud the same as Texas Hold’em?
The flop is not used in seven-card stud; in most circumstances, neither are community cards. This is the main distinction between seven-card stud and other popular poker variants like Texas Hold'em and Omaha. Read our guide to learn how to play 7 Card Stud, with its rules and tips.
What are the odds of getting a straight flush in 7 Card Stud?
A royal flush probability can be calculated using the number of royal flushes divided by the number of poker hands. As a result of our division, we see that a royal flush is indeed rare. The probability of being dealt this hand is only 4/2,598,960 = 1/649,740 = 0.00015%.
Horse racing is a dynamic sport that has captured the attention of many spectators and fans for centuries. It involves two or more horses ridden by jockeys in the race to the finish line. The main goal is to find the fastest horse that can run specific distances dictated by a particular event.
Horse races include flat, steeplechasing, harness, and endurance racing. Events like the Kentucky Derby or Cheltenham Festival, for example, attract both casual audiences and horse race betting enthusiasts worldwide. In this post, we'll go through the horse racing basics, the fastest horse breeds, and some of the best specimens in the world.
What Are the Fastest Horses Ever in Recorded History?
Winning Brew, Secretariat, and Eclipse are singled out as the fastest horses of all time, even though numerous champions have graced the track throughout the history of horse racing. Below we take a closer look at why these three horses are listed as the fastest.
Winning Brew
Known as the fastest horse in the world, Winning Brew holds the Guinness world record for the fastest quarter-mile time. Born in Kentucky, he was trained by Francis Vitale and ridden by Joe Judice. On July 26, 2008, he set a record as a two-year-old by racing a quarter-mile in 20.57 seconds at the Penn National Race Track in Grantville, Pennsylvania. The colt's exceptional burst of speed earned him a place in the history of horse racing.
Unfortunately, Winning Brew's career was cut short due to an injury, and he retired after setting the record. He was later sold to a breeding farm, where he had several successful offspring.
Secretariat
This renowned racehorse, known for his exceptional speed, was born in Virginia in 1970. The owner of the Meadow Farm, Penny Chenery Tweedy, and her crew were responsible for Secretariat's immense success. The so-called Big Red received the Triple Crown in 1973, winning the Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes, and Belmont Stakes. He became the first horse to do it in 25 years.
Secretariat's most impressive performance happened in the Belmont Stakes, winning by 31 lengths while setting a record pace for the 1/2-mile dirt course. His record-breaking time of 2:24 remains the fastest in the event's history. Secretariat's speed record in the Belmont Stakes in 1973 was 37.5 mph.
The Eclipse
Eclipse was a fantastic racehorse and among the greatest Thoroughbreds ever. A large, muscular horse born in England in 1764, he had a good stride and a competitive spirit and was considered the world's fastest horse at the time. He was undefeated in 18 races, winning all of them easily and setting records for decades.
Eclipse's success on the track made him a celebrity and helped promote Thoroughbred racing in the United Kingdom. At the age of five, he retired and became a highly successful sire, passing on his extraordinary genetics to future Thoroughbred generations. Eclipse remains one of the sport's best-known names.
The Fastest Horse Breeds
There are countless breeds globally, but not all are suitable for racing and, consequently, betting. If you want to bet on horse racing effectively, you need a good grasp of the fastest horse breeds, so let's take a look:
Akhal-Teke
This breed is rare and originates from Turkmenistan, a Central Asian country. Akhal-Teke horses are famous for their outstanding speed, endurance, beauty, and distinctive metallic coat that shimmers in the sunlight, giving them the golden horse label. The breed's exceptional physical characteristics, such as slender bodies and long heads, distinguish it from other horse breeds. Regrettably, their numbers have declined, with just a few thousand left worldwide.
The top speed of these unique horses is 35 mph. Because of their quickness, these horses are fit for dressage, endurance racing, and jumping. They are also famous for long-distance racing in Central Asia. They do, however, have a fiery temper. Thus, their trainers must have a unique talent to build relationships with them.
Mustang
The Mustang is a breed native to North America, namely the Western United States. These horses are derived from horses brought to the Americas by Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century and allowed to roam freely. Mustangs have evolved and adapted to their environment through time, obtaining characteristics that make them well-suited to life on the range.
The fastest Mustang speed was recorded at about 54 mph. Their stamina and agility make them perfect for ranch work, rodeo, and endurance riding. They are also incredibly clever and have a strong will, which makes them challenging to educate but gives them a strong sense of independence and tenacity. Mustangs have had many challenges in modern times, including habitat deterioration, overpopulation, and resource competition with cattle. Fortunately, various organizations are dedicated to conserving and preserving the Mustang breed, a vital part of America's cultural heritage.
Thoroughbred
Thoroughbred horses are known for their speed, agility, and elegance. The breed is better suited for high-speed racing over a long distance. Although these horses are sometimes high-strung and necessitate a cautious approach, their competitive drive and desire to please their handlers make them popular. Thoroughbreds were racing in 17th-century England and continue to dominate today's sport.
Known for their flexibility, they often indulge in equestrian disciplines like show jumping, dressage, and eventing. The fastest Thoroughbred was measured at 43.97 mph. Despite their many good characteristics, Thoroughbreds may be prone to specific health issues due to their extensive breeding.
Thoroughbreds are the fastest horses over longer distances, averaging 35–40 mph. Quarter horses are the quickest sprinting horses, achieving 50–55 mph in a quarter mile.
American Quarter Horse
The Quarter Horse was created in the United States for sprints over short distances. It can develop speeds up to 55 mph. The breed's quickness and versatility have made it well-suited for many equestrian activities, including rodeo competitions, ranch chores, and long-distance racing.
These horses have muscular, compact bodies and powerful hindquarters, allowing them to accelerate quickly and change direction efficiently. They are also highly trainable and have a calm and cooperative demeanor, making them an excellent choice for first-time riders and children. American Quarter Horses are widely recognized for their intelligence, loyalty, and athletic abilities. They're one of the most famous horse breeds in the world, with millions registered globally.
Arabian
The Arabian horse breed is among the oldest and most revered breeds. Originating from the Arabian Peninsula, these horses are known for their beauty, speed, and intelligence. They are also praised for their endurance, which has made them successful in long-distance races and competitions.
Considering that Arabian horses became popular in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries, many breeders imported them to maintain a pure bloodline. During endurance competitions, several horses are typically used because they can travel up to 100 miles daily.
These horses are also used for show jumping, dressage, and other equestrian events. Arabian horses are fast learners who react well to teaching approaches based on positive reinforcement.
The fastest recorded time of this breed is 65 mph. One of history's most famous Arabian horses was Bask, a stallion who won numerous championships in halter and performance events. Another famous horse named Khemosabi won multiple National Championships in the United States.
Appaloosa
The Appaloosa breed is a versatile American horse breed known for its distinctive spotted coat pattern and athleticism. Originating from the United States, these horses participate in Western pleasure, rodeo, and endurance riding. This horse breed is believed to have originated from horses brought to North America by Spanish explorers in the 16th century. These horses interbred with native horses in the region, developing a distinctly American type of horse with a unique coat.
The Appaloosa can run a quarter mile at 55 miles per hour. One of the most famous Appaloosa horses in history was Patchy, who won multiple National Championships in Western pleasure and reining events. Another famous Appaloosa horse is Joker B, who won the National Reining Horse Association World Championship.
What is the Ideal Horse Build for Racing?
A successful racehorse must have proper physical features and characteristics to succeed on the track. The fastest racehorses have strong lungs and hearts, enabling them to maintain a consistent pace throughout the race. They also have long legs, allowing them to cover more ground with each step.
The best ones have to be slender and muscular for improved agility, speed, and endurance. A well-balanced conformation is critical because it helps the horse maintain balance when running at high speeds, minimizing the risk of injury. Finally, the horse's solid and well-angled hooves provide enough grip force, allowing it to maintain speed and agility throughout the race. Serious bettors take all these factors into account when they bet on horse racing as a horse that possesses all these traits has more chances to flourish in this challenging sport.
Speed and Agility Prevail in Horse Racing
The fastest horse racing breeds in the world have made great strides in the sport. Winning Brew, Secretariat, and Eclipse are three of the most famous racehorses in history, with Secretariat considered the finest of all time.
Every year, new champions are made that continue to attract fans. Whether it's the sheer enjoyment of seeing these magnificent creatures compete or the opportunity to bet on sports of their choice, horse racing enthusiasts will continue to frequent horse racing venues for years to come.